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On the foundations and necessity of classical gauge invariance.pdf

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On the foundations and necessity of classical gauge invariance

a r X i v : 0 8 0 3 .1 2 9 0 v 1 [ m a t h - p h ] 1 0 M a r 2 0 0 8 On the foundations and necessity of classical gauge invariance M. Sa?nchez Departamento de Geometr??a y Topolog??a Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain sanchezm@ugr.es Abstract. We argue that, ideally, the ways to measure magnitudes in non-quantum theories of physics (spacetime, field theory), limit drastically their possible mathematical models. In particular, gauge invariance in the Yang-Mills framework, is a necessity of our way of measuring rather than an a priori imposition on symmetry. A general postulational basis for the geometric aspects of classical field theories is intro- duced, and the permitted models are studied. Some of them (for example, compatible with signature-changing metrics or variations of the speed of interactions) are new, and require a generalization of the concept of principal fiber bundle, which may be of interest both, physi- cally and mathematically. Keywords: Foundations of gauge theories, Yang-Mills theories, spacetimes, axiomatic ap- proaches for field theories, Newtonian and Leibnizian structures, Galilean connection, gener- alized principal bundles, connections, fields of interactions, variations of the speed of light, multiverses. 2000 MSC: 70S15, 53C80. PACS: 11.10.Cd, 04.20.Cv, 11.15.-q. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Macroscopic space and time 4 2.1 The minimum consensus hypotheses on measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 The set of possible mathematical models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 The role of k(p) and the speed of light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 Field theories 8 3.1 Ambient Hypotheses (H1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2 Standard bases (H2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3 Effective smoothness