Complete genome sequence of a marine roseophage provides evidence into the evolution of gene transfer agents in alphaproteobacteria.docVIP

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Complete genome sequence of a marine roseophage provides evidence into the evolution of gene transfer agents in alphaproteobacteria.doc

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Complete genome sequence of a marine roseophage provides evidence into the evolution of gene transfer agents in alphaproteobacteria

Huangetal.VirologyJournal2011,8:124 /content/8/1/124 SHORT REPORT OpenAccess Completegenomesequenceofamarine roseophageprovidesevidenceintotheevolution ofgenetransferagentsinalphaproteobacteria SijunHuang1,2?,YongyuZhang1,3?,FengChen ,NianzhiJiao1* 2 Abstract RoseophageRDJLF1isasiphovirusisolatedfromSouthChinaSeaonRoseobacterdenitrificansOCh114.Itsvirion encapsulates62.7kbgenomethatencodes87geneproducts.RDJLF1sharessimilargenomeorganizationand genecontentwiththemarinebacteriophageFJL001andPseudomonasphagesYuAandM6,whicharedifferent fromthoseoftypicall-orMu-likephages.Fourhallmarkgenes(ORFs81to84)ofRDJLF1werehighly homologoustoRcGTA-likegenes12to15.Thelargestgene(ORF84)waspredictedtoencodeatailfibreprotein thatcouldbeinvolvedinhostrecognition.Extendedphylogeneticandcomparativegenomicanalysesbasedon 77RcGTA-likeelement-containingbacterialgenomesrevealedthatRcGTA-likegenes12to15togetherappearto beaconservedmodularelementthatcouldalsobefoundinsomephageorprophagegenomes.Ourstudy suggeststhatRcGTA-likegenes-containingphagesandprophagesandcompleteRcGTAspossiblydescendedfrom asameprophageancestorthathaddivergedandthenevolvedvertically.ThecompletegenomeofRDJLF1 providesevidenceintothehypothesisthatextantRcGTAmaybeaprophageremnant. Findings hypothesized to be a potential efficient mechanism for Viruses are the most abundant entities of the world’s horizontalgenetransfer[13]. 6 8 oceans,rangingfrom~3×10 to~10 virusesperml[1]. Up to date, only a limited number of roseophage Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) are known (phage that infects roseobacter) genomes have been toplayanimportantroleinregulatingthespeciescom- reported [16-18], which were all in Podoviridae family. position of bacteria [1-4] and in the host evolution In this study, we presented the genome sequence of through phage-mediated horizontal genetransfer [5-7]. Roseophage RDJLF1 that infects Roseobacter denitrifi- BacteriaintheRoseobacterclade(roseobacterhereafter) cans OCh114. RDJLF