DNA intercalator stimulates influenza transcription and virus replication.docVIP

DNA intercalator stimulates influenza transcription and virus replication.doc

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DNA intercalator stimulates influenza transcription and virus replication

LiandPoonVirologyJournal2011,8:120 /content/8/1/120 SHORT REPORT OpenAccess DNAintercalatorstimulatesinfluenza transcriptionandvirusreplication OliveTWLi,LeoLMPoon* Abstract InfluenzaAvirususesitshosttranscriptionmachinerytofacilitateviralRNAsynthesis,aneventthatisassociated withcellularRNApolymeraseII(RNAPII).Inthisstudy,variousRNAPIItranscriptioninhibitorswereusedto investigatetheeffectofRNAPIIphosphorylationstatusonviralRNAtranscription.AlowconcentrationofDNA intercalators,suchasactinomycinD(ActD),wasfoundtostimulateviralpolymeraseactivityandvirusreplication. ThiseffectwasnotobservedincellstreatedwithRNAPIIkinaseinhibitors.Inaddition,thelossofRNAPII in a infectedcellswasduetotheshiftofnonphosphorylatedRNAPII(RNAPII)tohyperphosphorylatedRNAPII(RNAPIIo). a Introduction asa-amantinandactinomycinD(ActD)havebeenshown TheC-terminaldomain(CTD)ofRNAPIIisimportantfor toinhibit influenza virus replication [5-7]. Chan etal. cellular mRNAtranscription, andinteracts withseveral demonstratedthattheinfluenzaviralpolymerasecomplex post-transcriptional factors for RNA maturation and can inhibit RNAPII transcription elongation, but not nuclear export. The phosphorylation status ofCTDis initiation [8],aphenomenonthatissimilartothetran- knowntobeacriticalregulatorycheckpointforRNAPII scriptional arrestofRNAPII.Thistranscriptional arrest transcription[1].Thehyperphosphorylated(transcription- mayberelated todirectinteraction betweenvRNPand allyengaged)formofRNAPIIisdesignatedasRNAPIIo, Ser5-phosphorylatedRNAPII [9].Ithasalsobeendemon- o whereasitsnonphosphorylated(transcriptionallyinactive) stratedthatarobustpolymerasecomplexismorecapable formisdesignatedasRNAPII.Attheearlystageoftran- ofbindingtoRNAPII [10].Recently,influenzaviralpoly- a o scription,freeRNAPII interactswithothergeneraltran- merasehasbeenproposedtoinducethedirectdegrada- a scription factors oncellular DNApromoters toforma tion of RNAPII [11-13], thereby inhibitin

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