论商标固有显著性的认定.pdfVIP

论商标固有显著性的认定 冯术杰 内容提要:商标的显著性或识别性，指的是商标就某种商品或服务将某个提供者与其他提供者相 区分的功能。固有显著性和获得显著性是在适用上互相排斥的两个商标注册条件，审查实践中不能认 定一个标志既具有固有显著性又具有获得显著性。对于固有显著性的最低程度这一商标注册的门槛条 件应从反面予以把握:凡是同行业竞争者所必需的标志都不具有显著性，反之，非必需性的标志原则 上应被认为都满足显著性条件。这一标准符合商标法原理，客观性强，并体现了对工商业自由的尊重 和行政法原理的遵守。国内外实践中出现的相关公众不会将申请标志作为商标认知标准，属于显 著性认定的高位阶规则，其事实认定的主观性和随意性过大，可操作性差，不应被直接适用。对于固 有显著性的整体认定方法仍有待我国的商标审查机关和法院在实践中切实贯彻实行。 关键词:商标注册显著性固有显著性获得显著性 Abstract: Distinctiveness means a trademark can distinguish or actually distinguishes different undertakings regarding certain products or services. The former is inherent distinctiveness and the la位er distinctiveness is acquired 也rough usage, but only one of them can be recognized in a 位ademark examination C脱.白le inherent distinctiveness should be determined from negative fact: only those signs,which are n四essary 岛r competiωrs in a related field of business, should be refused. This cri阳ion is more obj四tive， embodies the rational of 刨出mark law, and conformsωadminis回.tive law principles and respects indus位ial and commercial M阳ty. The criterion related public would not reωg血e 也e Slgn 部 a trad臼n缸kh臼 b臼nωo 企equently applied worldwide recently. This criterion is very subjective and its application is 0伽1 的itrary. It is a kind ofhigh-level principle regarding the determination of distinctiveness, and there岛re should not be directly applied, especially when there is not enough eviden，臼. In detennining inherent distinctiveness，也e en由e 国demark sign should be evaluated.η咀s method is not always applied in the Chinese trademark exarnination practice. KeyWords: 刨出markregi姐姐on; distinctiveness; inherent distinc挝veness; secon也巧rmeaning 从商标法基本原理、比较法和国际条约来看， 两个条件， 显著性和识别也是具有同一含 显著性或识别性 Cdi姐nctiveness)指的是商标就一 义。显著性，包括固有显著性和获得显著性。固有 种商品或服务将某个提供者与其他提供者相区分的 显著性的认定是商标审查和无效程序中最基