被动语态复习..docVIP

被动语态复习 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 一、被动语态的用法： 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。. The window was broken yesterday.. 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。.More trees must be planted every year. 3.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。He was badly hurt in the accident yesterday. 4 汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao 5?某些句子习惯上用被动语态。He was born in October, 1988. Note: 1.用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词，不及物动词不能用被动语态. World War II took place in Europe. (right) World War II was taken place in Europe. (wrong) 2.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态. He taught himself English. (right) Himself was taught English by him. (wrong) 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 The teacher often asks him questions. （主动语态） He is asked questions by the teacher. （被动语态） 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(注意代词的格的转化。 2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为 “be + 过去分词”结构；（注意人称，数，时态的一致）。 3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。（① by短语可以省。② by短语后跟代词的宾格。） 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 例如： All the people laughed at him.---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. -----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 注意： 1.被动句中的谓语动词的单复数和被动句中的主语一致。 2.被动句的时态要和主动句一致。 3. (注意主动句中的宾语（的宾格）要变成被动句的主语（的主格）。 4.（ by+宾格）其他成分照抄不变。 【趁热打铁】 1. They play football on Sunday. 2. Lucy does the homework in the evening. 3. They often use computers in class. 4. We make these machines in Beijing. 常见的六种时态中的被动语态 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. --- Rice is grown in the south of the country. 2.一般过去时的被动语态结构： was/were +过去分词 They bought ten computers last term．---Ten c