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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 The First Decade英文文献资料.doc

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 The First Decade英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofHypertension Volume2012,ArticleID307315,12pages doi:10.1155/2012/307315 ReviewArticle Angiotensin-ConvertingEnzyme2:TheFirstDecade NicolaE.ClarkeandAnthonyJ.Turner InstituteofMolecularandCellularBiology,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,UniversityofLeeds,LeedsLS29JT,UK CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoNicola.E.Clarke,bmb4nec@leeds.ac.uk Received21July2011;Accepted25August2011 AcademicEditor:MohanK.Raizada Copyright?2012NicolaE.ClarkeandA.J.Turner. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Therenin-angiotensinsystem(RAS)isacriticalregulatorofhypertension,primarilythroughtheactionsofthevasoactivepeptide AngII,whichisgeneratedbytheactionofangiotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE)mediatinganincreaseinbloodpressure.The discovery of ACE2, which primarily metabolises Ang II into the vasodilatory Ang-(1-7), has added a new dimension to the traditionalRAS.AsaresulttherehasbeenhugeinterestinACE2overthepastdecadeasapotentialtherapeuticforlowering bloodpressure,especiallyelevationresultingfromexcessAngII.StudiesfocusingonACE2havehelpedtorevealotheractionsof Ang-(1-7),outsidevasodilation,suchasanti?broticandantiproliferativee?ects.Moreover,investigationsfocusingonACE2have revealedavarietyofrolesnotjustcatalyticbutalsoasaviralreceptorandaminoacidtransporter.Thispaperfocusesonwhat isknownaboutACE2anditsbiologicalroles,payingparticularattentiontotheregulationofACE2expression.Inlightofthe entranceofhumanrecombinantACE2intoclinicaltrials,wediscussthepotentialuseofACE2asatherapeuticandhighlightsome pertinentquestionsthatstillremainunansweredaboutACE2. 1.Introduction place ACE and its biologically active product, angiotensin II (Ang II), as central regulators of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS).AngIIisproducedbyACEthroughhydrolysis ofitsprecursorAngI.AngIIisthemajorvasoactivepeptide in the