Antiinflammatory and Immunomodulating Properties of Fungal Metabolites英文文献资料.docVIP

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Antiinflammatory and Immunomodulating Properties of Fungal Metabolites英文文献资料.doc

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Antiinflammatory and Immunomodulating Properties of Fungal Metabolites英文文献资料

MediatorsofIn?ammation?2005:2(2005)63–80?PII:S0962935105412223?DOI:10.1155/MI.2005.63 INVITED REVIEW Antiin?ammatoryandImmunomodulating PropertiesofFungalMetabolites CristinaLull,1 HarryJ.Wichers,1 andHuubF.J.Savelkoul2 1 AgrotechnologyandFoodInnovations,WageningenUniversityandResearchCenter, Bornsesteeg 59, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands 2 CellBiologyandImmunologyGroup,WageningenUniversityandResearchCenter, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands Received22December2004;accepted25January2005 Wediscusscurrentinformationontheabilityofextractsandisolatedmetabolitesfrommushroomstomodulateimmuneresponses. Thiscanresultinamoreenhancedinnateandacquireddiseaseresistance.Themajorimmunomodulatinge?ectsoftheseactivesub- stancesderivedfrommushroomsincludemitogenicityandactivationofimmunee?ectorcells,suchaslymphocytes,macrophages, andnaturalkillercells,resultingintheproductionofcytokines,includinginterleukins(ILs),tumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF)-α, andinterferongamma(INF)-γ.Inparticular,theabilityofselectivemushroomextractstomodulatethedi?erentiationcapacityof CD4 TcellstomatureintoTH1and/orTH2subsetswillbediscussed.Asaconsequencetheseextractswillhaveprofounde?ects + inparticulardiseases,likechronicautoimmuneTH1-mediatedorallergicTH2-mediateddiseases.Immunosuppressivee?ectsby mushroomcomponentshavealsobeenobserved.Thetherapeutice?ectsofmushrooms,suchasanticanceractivity,suppressionof autoimmunediseases,andallergyhavebeenassociatedwiththeirimmunomodulatinge?ects.However,furtherstudiesareneeded todeterminethemolecularmechanismsoftheimmunomodulatinge?ectsofmushroomsmetabolitesbothindividuallyandin complexmixtures,forexample,extracts. INTRODUCTION isthefractionofdry matterthatremainsafterinciner- ationoftheorganicmaterialinasample,andismainly composed of salts, metals, and so forth). Many species ofmushroomsarecultivatedworldwide.Globalproduc- tionincreasedtoabout6.2milliontonsin1997,witha morethan12%increaseannuallyfrom1981to1997[11]. Mushroomextractshavebeenincr