Applying Photogrammetric Techniques to Determine Facade Decays The Case Study of Zisa Palace, Italy英文文献资料.docVIP
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Applying Photogrammetric Techniques to Determine Facade Decays The Case Study of Zisa Palace, Italy英文文献资料
Engineering, 2012, 4, 707-712
/10.4236/eng.2012.411091 Published Online November 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/eng)
Applying Photogrammetric Techniques to Determine
Facade Decays: The Case Study of Zisa Palace, Italy
Emanuele Calabrò
Department of Physics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Email: e.calabro@
Received September 14, 2012; revised October 12, 2012; accepted October 22, 2012
ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to present a non-destructive method for fa?ade decay analysis and quantifying with many ap-
plications to architectural heritage (monuments, historical buildings, etc.). The proposed methodology is based on the
combination of topographic surveys, digital photogrammetry and image processing techniques by means of four control
points and one photography of the target fa?ade, at least, that become metric rectified image at any plane defined by the
user. It is possible to quantify any physical characteristic of the surface of a building as well as alterations on its surface
that produce deviations from flatness. The Bundle adjustment was applied to a 2D reconstruction algorithm instead to a
3D reconstruction algorithm to control the flatness of a fa?ade of a monument, the Zisa Palace in Palermo (Italy). Sig-
nificant deviations of the points in the vicinity of the edge left of the fa?ade with respect to the coordinates of the points
of support were evidenced, indicating that the overall facade of the monument is not a flat surface. The results, with an
estimated 10
–3
accuracy, suggest that a structural failure in an area of the fa?ade may be occurred after the restoration
work or, alternatively, that such restoration was not performed successfully in that area.
Keywords: Non-Conventional Photogrammetry; Semi-Metric Cameras; Bundle Adjustment; Zisa Palace
1. Introduction
imaging [7] are designed to probe below the surface, and
these are useful where decay consists of a loss of cohe-
sion within the stone, o
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