Biodegradation of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid by a Newly-Isolated Microbacterium Strain英文文献资料.docVIP

Advances in Microbiology, 2012, 2, 303-309 /10.4236/aim.2012.23036 Published Online September 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/aim) Biodegradation of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid by a Newly-Isolated Microbacterium Strain Naofumi Shiomi , Maiko Ako * School of Human Sciences, Kobe College, Nishinomiya, Japan Email: n-shiomi@mail.kobe-c.ac.jp * Received April 25, 2012; revised May 28, 2012; accepted June 11, 2012 ABSTRACT We searched for a superior melamine-degrading bacterium for the bioremediation of melamine. Cyanuric acid, which is a by-product produced during the biodegradation of melamine, shows strong nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the mela- mine-degrading bacterium is also required to show a high ability to degrade cyanuric acid. We selected a mela- mine-degrading strain (MEL1) among ten cyanuric acid-degrading bacteria isolated from the soil. The species of MEL1 strain was Microbacterium esteramaticum or was extremely similar to that species, and the enzymatic activity of the melamine deaminase in the MEL1 strain was similar to that in the NRRLB-12227 strain. The ability of the MEL1 strain to degrade cyanuric acid was higher than its ability to degrade melamine, and therefore, the accumulation of by-prod- ucts (ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid) during the degradation of melamine was minimal. These results suggest that the MEL1 strain is useful for the bioremediation of melamine. Keywords: Melamine; Cyanuric Acid; Melamine Deaminase; Microbacterium 1. Introduction made of these compounds induce renal failure. The nephro- toxicity caused by the two compounds was much stronger than that in case of treatment with just melamine [6]. Melamine-containing waste water had been freely dumped into the environment without any treatment for many years until the above described food-related inci- dents occurred. Qin et al. [7] assessed the soil and waste water near melamine-manufacturing factories in C