Born Rule and Noncontextual Probability英文文献资料.docVIP

Journal of Modern Physics, 2012, 3, 1802-1812 /10.4236/jmp.2012.311225 Published Online November 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jmp) Born Rule and Noncontextual Probability Fabrizio Logiurato , Augusto Smerzi 1,2* 2 1 INO-CNR BEC Center and Physics Department, Trento University, Povo, Italy QSTAR, INO-CNR and LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi, Firenze, Italy * Email: log@science.unitn.it 2 Received September 2, 2012; revised October 2, 2012; accepted October 10, 2012 ABSTRACT We present a new derivation of the Born rule from the assumption of noncontextual probability (NCP). Within the theorem we also demonstrate the continuity of probability with respect to the amplitudes, which has been suggested to be a gap in Zurek’s and Deutsch’s approaches, and we show that NCP is implicitly postulated also in their derivations. Finally, physical motivations of NCP are given based on an invariance principle with respect to a resolution change of measurements and with respect to the principle of no-faster-than-light signalling. Keywords: Born Rule; Non Contextual Probability 1. Introduction tive state ? . A complete set of mutually commuting projectors {?? i} corresponds to a set of questions which The fundamental probabilistic postulate which allows QM its successful predictions was first introduced by Born (from a suggestion by Einstein) in 1926 within the scattering theory [1]. The question if such postulate could be derived as a theorem from other postulates of QM was quickly posed. A first answer was provided by Von Neumann and included in his famous book of 1932 on the mathematical foundations of QM [2]. His theo- rem nowadays does not enjoy much attention since it is believed to contain more assumptions than Gleason’s [3,4]. Different attempts have been discussed in the con- text of the relative-state [5] and the many-worlds inter- preta