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Bounding the Practical Error of Path Loss Models英文文献资料.doc

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Bounding the Practical Error of Path Loss Models英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation Volume2012,ArticleID754158,21pages doi:10.1155/2012/754158 ResearchArticle BoundingthePracticalErrorofPathLossModels CalebPhillips,DouglasSicker,andDirkGrunwald ComputerScienceDepartment,UniversityofColoradoBoulder,Boulder,CO80309,USA CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoCalebPhillips,caleb.phillips@ Received21December2011;Revised4March2012;Accepted18March2012 AcademicEditor:AthanasiosPanagopoulos Copyright?2012CalebPhillipsetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. We seek to provide practical lower bounds on the prediction accuracy of path loss models. We describe and implement 30 propagationmodelsofvaryingpopularitythathavebeenproposedoverthelast70years.Ouranalysisisperformedusingalarge corpusofmeasurementscollectedonproductionnetworksoperatinginthe2.4GHzISM,5.8GHzUNII,and900MHzISMbands inadiversesetofruralandurbanenvironments.We?ndthatthelandscapeofpathlossmodelsisprecarious:typicalbest-case performanceaccuracyofthesemodelsisontheorderof12–15dBrootmeansquareerror(RMSE)andinpracticeitcanbemuch worse.Modelsthatcanbetunedwithmeasurementsandexplicitdata?ttingapproachesenableareductioninRMSEto8-9dB. Theseboundsonmodelingerrorappeartoberelativelyconstant,evenindi?eringenvironmentsandatdi?eringfrequencies. Basedonour?ndings,werecommendtheuseofafewwell-acceptedandwell-performingstandardmodelsinscenarioswherea prioripredictionsareneededandarguefortheuseofwell-validated,measurement-drivenmethodswheneverpossible. 1.Introduction amongdozensofpropagationmodels.Further,amongthe available models it is not clear which is best or what the penaltyisofusingamodeloutsideofitsintendedcoverage. In[1],forinstance,Campetal.showthatawirelessmesh network planned with a given path loss model can be massively under- or overprovisioned as a result of small changestomodelpar