Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Response to Clipping and Seeding of Competitive Grasses英文文献资料.docVIP

American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2012, 3, 1252-1259 /10.4236/ajps.2012.39151 Published Online September 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ajps) Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Response to Clipping and Seeding of Competitive Grasses* Julie Knudson , Paul Meiman , Cynthia Brown , George Beck , Mark Paschke , Edward Redente 1 1# 2 2 1 1 1 2 Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA; Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA. # Email: Paul.Meiman@ColoS Received July 24 , 2012; revised August 22 , 2012; accepted August 31 , 2012 th nd st ABSTRACT Chemical restrictions, ecological concerns, liability issues, and public sentiment present challenges to land managers attempting to control highly invasive plants like Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense [L.] Scop.). Although herbicide appli- cation can be an effective control strategy, increasing limitations force managers of sensitive environments (e.g., na- tional parks, wildlife refuges, protected water-bodies or waterways) to search for effective control alternatives. A greenhouse study was conducted to test the effectiveness of clipping (to simulate field mowing) and grass seeding as alternatives for Canada thistle control. Two native North American grasses (western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii {Rydb.} A. L?ve] and streambank wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus {Scribn. J. G. Sm.}Gould ssp. lanceolatus]) and one sterile hybrid cross between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum ? [Pod