An Investigation to Validate the Grammar and Phonology Screening (GAPS) Test to Identify Children with Specific Language Impairment 英文参考文献.docVIP

AnInvestigationtoValidatetheGrammarand PhonologyScreening(GAPS)TesttoIdentifyChildren withSpecificLanguageImpairment HeatherK.J.vanderLely1,2,3*,ElisabethPayne4,AlastairMcClelland5 1LaboratoiredeNeuropsychologieInterventionnelle,DepartmentE′tudesCognitive,E′coleNormaleSupe′rieure, Paris,France,2PsychologicalSciencesResearchInstitute, Universite′ Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 3Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 4DepartmentofPsychologyandClinicalLanguageSciences,UniversityofReading,Reading,UnitedKingdom,5DivisionofPsychologyandLanguageSciences,University CollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background:Theextraordinarilyhighincidenceofgrammaticallanguageimpairmentsindevelopmentaldisorderssuggests that this uniquely human cognitive function is ‘‘fragile’’. Yet our understanding of the neurobiology of grammatical impairmentsislimited.Furthermore,thereisno‘‘gold-standard’’toidentifygrammaticalimpairmentsandroutinescreening is not undertaken. An accurate screening test to identify grammatical abilities would serve the research, health and education communities, further our understanding of developmental disorders, and identify children who need remediation, many of whom are currently un-diagnosed. A potential realistic screening tool that could be widely administered is the Grammar and Phonology Screening (GAPS) test – a 10 minute test that can be administered by professionalsandnon-professionalsalike.Hereweprovideafurtherstepinevaluatingthevalidityandaccuracy(sensitivity andspecificity)oftheGAPStestinidentifyingchildrenwhohaveSpecificLanguageImpairment(SLI). MethodsandFindings:Wetestedthreegroupsofchildren;twogroupsaged3;6–6:6,atypicallydeveloping(n=30)group, andagroupdiagnosedwithSLI:(n=11)(Young(Y)-SLI),andafurthergroupaged6;9–8;11withSLI(Older(O)-SLI)(n=10) whowereabovethetestagenorms.WeemployedabatteryoflanguageassessmentsincludingtheGAPStesttoassessthe children’slanguagea