Embryos in the Fast Lane High-Temperature Heart Rates of Turtles Decline After Hatching 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Embryos in the Fast Lane High-Temperature Heart Rates of Turtles Decline After Hatching 英文参考文献.doc

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Embryos in the Fast Lane High-Temperature Heart Rates of Turtles Decline After Hatching 英文参考文献

EmbryosintheFastLane:High-TemperatureHeartRates ofTurtlesDeclineAfterHatching Wei-GuoDu1,2*,BoZhao1,RichardShine2 1College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, 2School of Biological Sciences, UniversityofSydney,Sydney,NewSouthWales,Australia Abstract Inectothermssuchasturtles,therelationshipbetweencardiovascularfunctionandtemperaturemaybesubjecttodifferent selectivepressuresindifferentlife-historystages.Becauseembryosbenefitbydevelopingasrapidlyaspossible,andcan ‘‘afford’’toexpendenergytodoso(becausetheyhaveaccesstotheyolkfornutrition),theybenefitfromrapidheart(and thus,developmental)rates.Incontrast,hatchlingsdonothaveaguaranteedfoodsupply,andmaximalgrowthratesmay notenhancefitness—andso,wemightexpectalowerheartrate,especiallyathightemperatureswheremetaboliccostsare greatest. Our data on two species of emydid turtles, Chrysemys picta, and Graptemys pseudogeographica kohnii , support these predictions. Heart rates of embryos and hatchlings were similar at low temperatures, but heart rates at higher temperaturesweremuchgreaterbeforethanafterhatching. Citation: DuW-G,Zhao B, ShineR (2010) Embryos in the Fast Lane:High-Temperature HeartRates of Turtles Decline After Hatching.PLoS ONE 5(3): e9557. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009557 Editor:CraigR.White,UniversityofQueensland,Australia ReceivedDecember11,2009;AcceptedFebruary11,2010;PublishedMarch10,2010 Copyright:?2010Duetal.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricted use,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding: Natural Science Foundation of China . The University of Sydney. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:dwghz@126.com Introduction growth [9].