Emerging Technologies for the Detection of Rabies Virus Challenges and Hopes in the 21st Century 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Emerging Technologies for the Detection of Rabies Virus Challenges and Hopes in the 21st Century 英文参考文献
Review
EmergingTechnologiesfortheDetectionofRabiesVirus:
ChallengesandHopesinthe21stCentury
AnthonyR.Fooks1*,NicholasJohnson1,ConradM.Freuling2,PhilipR.Wakeley1,AshleyC.Banyard1,
LorraineM.McElhinney1,DeniseA.Marston1,AkbarDastjerdi1,EdwardWright3,RobinA.Weiss3,
ThomasMu¨ller2
1RabiesandWildlifeZoonosesGroup,VeterinaryLaboratoriesAgency(VLA,Weybridge),WHOCollaboratingCentrefortheCharacterisationofRabiesandRabies-related
Viruses,NewHaw,Addlestone,UnitedKingdom,2Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute,FederalResearchInstituteofAnimalHealth,Wusterhausen,Germany,3DivisionofInfection
andImmunity,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom
strategies in many countries. Historically, histopathological tech-
niquessuchastheSellersStaintechnique[1]wereusedtodetermine
Abstract: The diagnosis of rabies is routinely based on
clinical and epidemiological information, especially when
exposures are reported in rabies-endemic countries.
Diagnostictestsusingconventionalassaysthatappearto
benegative,evenwhenundertakenlateinthediseaseand
thepresenceofNegribodiesasrabiesvirus-specificantigen,however
due to poor sensitivity and specificity this technique is no longer
recommended by the World Health organization (WHO). The
FluorescentAntibodytest(FAT)[2]reliesontheabilityofadetector
despitetheclinicaldiagnosis,haveatendency,attimes,to
molecule(usuallyfluoresceinisothiocyanate)coupledwitharabies
be unreliable. These tests are rarely optimal and entirely
specific antibody forming a conjugate to bind to and allow the
dependent on the nature and quality of the sample
visualisation of rabies antigen using fluorescent microscopy tech-
supplied. In the course of the past three decades, the
application of molecular biology has aided in the
developmentofteststhatresultinamorerapiddetection
niques. Microscopic analysis of samples is the only direct method
thatallowsfortheidentificationofrabiesvirus-specificantigenina
ofrabiesvirus.Thesetestsenableviralstrainidentification
from clinicalspecimens.Current
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