Morphological Correlates of a Combat Performance Trait in the Forked Fungus Beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Morphological Correlates of a Combat Performance Trait in the Forked Fungus Beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus 英文参考文献.doc

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Morphological Correlates of a Combat Performance Trait in the Forked Fungus Beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus 英文参考文献

MorphologicalCorrelatesofaCombatPerformanceTrait intheForkedFungusBeetle,Bolitotheruscornutus KyleM.Benowitz1,EdmundD.Brodie III1,VincentA.Formica2* 1MountainLakeBiologicalStation,DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,Virginia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofBiology,Swarthmore College,Swarthmore,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Combat traits are thought to have arisen due to intense male-male competition for access to females. While large and elaborate weapons used in attacking other males have often been the focus of sexual selection studies, defensive traits (bothmorphologicalandperformance)havereceivedlessattention.However,ifdefensivetraitshelpmalesrestrictaccess to females, their role in the process of sexual selection could also be important. Here we examine the morphological correlates of grip strength, a defensive combat trait involved in mate guarding, in the tenebrionid beetle Bolitotherus cornutus. We found that grip strength was repeatable and differed between the sexes. However, these differences in performancewerelargelyexplainedbybodysizeandanon-additiveinteractionbetweensizeandleglengththatdiffered between males and females. Our results suggest that leg size and body size interact as part of an integrated suite of defensivecombattraits. Citation: Benowitz KM, Brodie ED III, Formica VA (2012) Morphological Correlates of a Combat Performance Trait in the Forked Fungus Beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus.PLoSONE7(8):e42738.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042738 Editor:StephenR.Proulx,UniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbara,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedAugust31,2011;AcceptedJuly11,2012;PublishedAugust15,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Benowitz et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation IOS-102725