Recent Common Ancestry of Ebola Zaire Virus Found in a Bat Reservoir 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Recent Common Ancestry of Ebola Zaire Virus Found in a Bat Reservoir 英文参考文献.doc

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Recent Common Ancestry of Ebola Zaire Virus Found in a Bat Reservoir 英文参考文献

Opinion RecentCommonAncestryofEbolaZaire VirusFoundinaBatReservoir Roman Biek, Peter D.Walsh, Eric M.Leroy, Leslie A.Real* I dentifyinganaturalreservoirforEbolavirushaseluded researchersfordecades[1,2].Recently,Leroyetal. presentedthemostcompellingevidencetodatethat threespeciesoffruitbats(Hypsignathusmonstrosus,Epomops franqueti,andMyonycteristorquata)mayconstitutealong- missingwildlifereservoirforEbolavirusZaire(EBOVZ)[3]. Thesebats,caughtnearaffectedvillagesattheGabon–Congo border,appeartohavebeenasymptomaticallyinfectedand, insevencases,yieldedvirussequencesthatcloselymatched thosefoundinthehumanoutbreakshappeningaboutthe sametime.Leroyetal.’sphylogeneticanalysisofthepartial sequencesoftheviralpolymerase(L)genederivedfrom humansandbatsemphasizedtheinterspeci?crelationships torelated?loviruses.Here,weshowthat(1)despitetheir shortlength(265bp),thesesequencesalsoprovidecritical informationabouttheintraspeci?chistoryofEBOVZ,and(2) basedonthegeneticdataavailablesofar,theassociationof theviruswithfruitbatsinthesampledareacanonlybe tracedbackafewyears. Consistentwithpreviousanalysisusingglycoprotein(GP) genesequences[4],resultsfortheLgeneshowthatviruses ampli?edfrommorerecentlycollectedsamplesappeartobe directdescendentsofvirusesseenduringpreviousoutbreaks. Thisrelationshipisnotonlyapparentforvirusesfoundin 1976–1995comparedwiththosefoundin2001–2003,butalso DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.0020090.g001 withinthelattergroup(Figure1).Inessence,thismeansthatall geneticvariationseenthusfarinEBOVZ,includingvirus ampli?edfromfruitbats,appearstobetheproductof mutationsthathaveaccumulatedwithinthelast30years. Findingsuchstrongevidencefortemporalstructurebychance seemshighlyunlikely,especiallygiventheconcordancewith ourearlierresultsfromtheGPgene[4].Althoughthelackof anymutationaldifferencesbetweenthesequencesMayinga 1976andKikwit1995isperplexinginthiscontext,itismost likelyastochasticartifactduetotheshortlengthofthe sequenceconsidered.Full-lengthsequencesareavailablefor boththeseiso