Recent Progress in Brillouin Scattering Based Fiber Sensors 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 4152-4187; doi:10.3390/s110404152 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Recent Progress in Brillouin Scattering Based Fiber Sensors Xiaoyi Bao * and Liang Chen Physics Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada; E-Mail: lchen@uottawa.ca * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: xbao@uottawa.ca; Tel.: +1-613-562-5700 ext. 6911. Received: 6 February 2011; in revised form: 25 March 2011 / Accepted: 30 March 2011 / Published: 7 April 2011 Abstract: Brillouin scattering in optical fiber describes the interaction of an electro-magnetic field (photon) with a characteristic density variation of the fiber. When the electric field amplitude of an optical beam (so-called pump wave), and another wave is introduced at the downshifted Brillouin frequency (namely Stokes wave), the beating between the pump and Stokes waves creates a modified density change via the electrostriction effect, resulting in so-called the stimulated Brillouin scattering. The density variation is associated with a mechanical acoustic wave; and it may be affected by local temperature, strain, and vibration which induce changes in the fiber effective refractive index and sound velocity. Through the measurement of the static or dynamic changes in Brillouin frequency along the fiber one can realize a distributed fiber sensor for local temperature, strain and vibration over tens or hundreds of kilometers. This paper reviews the progress on improving sensing performance parameters like spatial resolution, sensing length limitation and simultaneous temperature and strain measurement. These kinds of sensors can be used in civil structural monitoring of pipelines, bridges, dams, and railroads for disaster prevention. Analogous to the static Bragg grating, one can write a moving Brillouin grating in fibers, with the lif