Perinatal Androgens and Adult Behavior Vary with Nestling Social System in Siblicidal Boobies 英文参考文献.docVIP

PerinatalAndrogensandAdultBehaviorVarywith NestlingSocialSysteminSiblicidalBoobies MartinaS.Mu¨ller1,JuliusF.Brennecke2,ElaineT.Porter1,MaryAnnOttinger3,DavidJ.Anderson1* 1DepartmentofBiology,WakeForestUniversity,Winston-Salem,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2ColdSpringHarborLaboratory,WatsonSchoolofBiological SciencesandHowardHughesMedicalInstitute,ColdSpringHarbor,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3AnimalAvianSciences,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark, Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Exposuretoandrogensearlyindevelopment,whileactivatingadaptiveaggressivebehavior,mayalsoexert long-lastingeffects on non-target components ofphenotype. Herewecomparethese organizational effects ofperinatal androgensincloselyrelatedNazca(Sulagranti)andblue-footed(S.nebouxii)boobiesthatdifferinneonatalsocialsystem. The older of two Nazca booby hatchlings unconditionally attacks and ejects the younger from the nest within days of hatching, while blue-footed booby neonates lack lethal aggression. Both Nazca booby chicks facultatively upregulate testosterone(T)duringfights,motivatingthepredictionthatbaselineandrogenlevelsdifferbetweenobligatelysiblicidal andotherspecies. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:WeshowthatobligatelysiblicidalNazcaboobieshatchwithhighercirculatingandrogen levels than do facultatively siblicidal blue-footed boobies, providing comparative evidence of the role of androgens in sociality.Althoughandrogensconferashort-termbenefitofincreasedaggressiontoNazcaboobyneonates,exposureto elevatedandrogenlevelsduringthissensitiveperiodindevelopmentcanalsoinducelong-termorganizationaleffectson behavior or morphology. Adult Nazca boobies show evidence of organizational effects of early androgen exposure in aberrantadultbehavior:theyvisitunattendednon-familialchicksinthecolonyanddirectmixturesofaggression,affiliative, and sexual behavior toward them. In a longitudinal analysis, we found that the most active Non-parental Adult Visitors (NAVs)werethosewithahistoryofsi