Schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms in families of two American Indian tribes 英文参考文献.docVIP

BMC Psychiatry BioMedCentral Research article Open Access Schizophrenia and psychotic symptoms in families of two American Indian tribes Robert W Robin1, Irving I Gottesman*2, Bernard Albaugh3 and David Goldman4 Address: 1Director Hopi Guidance Center, P.O. Box 401, Second Mesa, AZ 86043, USA , 2Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Minnesota Medical School, F235/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave., Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA, 3Center for Human Behavior Studies, 10264 N 2422 CIR, Weatherford, OK, 73096, USA and 4Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3S-32, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA Email: Robert W Robin - rrobin@; Irving I Gottesman* - gotte003@; Bernard Albaugh - lhasa@; David Goldman - dgneuro@ * Corresponding author Published: 28 June 2007 Received: 22 March 2007 Accepted: 28 June 2007 BMC Psychiatry 2007, 7:30 doi:10.1186/1471-244X-7-30 This article is available from: /1471-244X/7/30 ? 2007 Robin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The risk of schizophrenia is thought to be higher in population isolates that have recently been exposed to major and accelerated cultural change, accompanied by ensuing socio-environmental stressors/ triggers, than in dominant, mainstream societies. We investigated the prevalence and phenomenology of schizophrenia in 329 females and 253 males of a Southwestern American Indian tribe, and in 194 females and 137 males of a Plains American Indian tribe. These tribal groups were evaluated as part of a broader program of gene- environment investigations of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. Methods: Semi-structured psychiatric intervi