Second-Order Relational Manipulations Affect Both Humans and Monkeys 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Second-Order Relational Manipulations Affect Both Humans and Monkeys 英文参考文献.doc

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Second-Order Relational Manipulations Affect Both Humans and Monkeys 英文参考文献

Second-OrderRelationalManipulationsAffectBoth HumansandMonkeys ChristophD.Dahl1,2,3,NikosK.Logothetis1,4,HeinrichH.Bu¨lthoff2,5,ChristianWallraven5* 1Physiology of Cognitive Processes Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tu¨bingen, Germany, 2Human Perception, Cognition and Action Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tu¨bingen, Germany, 3Language and Intelligence Section, Primate Research Insititute, Kyoto University, Inuyama,Aichi, Japan, 4Division ofImaging Science andBiomedical Engineering, University ofManchester, Manchester,UnitedKingdom, 5DepartmentofBrain and CognitiveEngineering,KoreaUniversity,Seoul,Korea Abstract Recognitionandindividuationofconspecificsbytheirfaceisessentialforprimatesocialcognition.Thisabilityisdrivenbya mechanismthatintegratestheappearanceoffacialfeatureswithsubtlevariationsintheirconfiguration(i.e.,second-order relational properties) into a holistic representation. So far, there is little evidence of whether our evolutionary ancestors showsensitivitytofeaturalspatialrelationsandhenceholisticprocessingoffacesasshowninhumans.Here,wedirectly comparedmacaqueswithhumansintheirsensitivitytoconfigurallyalteredfacesinuprightandinvertedorientationsusing ahabituationparadigmandeyetrackingtechnologies.Inaddition,wetestedfordifferencesinprocessingofconspecific faces(humanfacesforhumans,macaquefacesformacaques)andnon-conspecificfaces,addressingaspectsofperceptual expertise. In both species, we foundsensitivity to second-order relational properties for conspecific (expert) faces,when presented in upright, not in inverted, orientation. This shows that macaques possess the requirements for holistic processing,andthusshowsimilarfaceprocessingtothatofhumans. Citation:DahlCD,LogothetisNK,Bu¨lthoffHH,WallravenC(2011)Second-OrderRelationalManipulationsAffectBothHumansandMonkeys.PLoSONE6(10): e25793.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025793 Editor:ManosTsakiris,RoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,UnitedKingdom ReceivedJ