Secondary Prevention of Suicide 英文参考文献.docVIP

Essay SecondaryPreventionofSuicide DeboraGanz1,2,M.DoloresBraquehais3,LeoSher1,2* 1DepartmentofPsychiatry,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2NewYorkStatePsychiatricInstitute,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStates ofAmerica,3DepartmentofPsychiatry,Valld’HebronUniversityHospital,Barcelona,Spain TheNeedforSecondary PreventionofSuicide prevention interventions that aim to re- ducethatrisk.Wealsoindicatehowthese interventions are currently being applied andwhatadditionalresearchisneeded. than80%ofthesedisordersareuntreated at the time of death [13,14]. Thus, the recognition and treatment of individuals Suicide poses major threats to public health worldwide. In 2002, suicide ac- countedforabout30,000deathsintheUS alone [1] and approximately 877,000 deaths worldwide—1.5% of the global burdenofdisease[2].Suicideshouldand can be prevented. 83% of people who commit suicide have had contact with a primary care physician within a year of theirdeathandupto66%ofpeoplewho commit suicide have had such contact withinamonthoftheirdeath[3]. with psychiatric disorders, specifically mood disorders, are essential components of secondary suicide prevention. In addi- tion,thesubjectiveratingoftheseverityof depression is one of the most powerful predictors of future suicidal acts [11]. Therefore,assessingandmanagingdepres- sion as well as being aware of the suicide risks in psychologically, medically, and neurologically disordered individuals isan important aspect of secondary suicide prevention [11]. Consequently, physicians needtobetaughttorecognizedepression and to be educated about the association betweenmentaldisordersandsuicide. ClinicalEvaluationofSuicide Risk Suicideisoftendifficulttopredictdueto itscomplexnature[7,8].Someoftherisk factorsthatcontributetosuicidalbehavior are shown in Box 1 [1,5,9–11]. Research shows that these suicide risk factors are additive but can be divided into underly- ing causes such as biological and psycho- logical factors, and more pro