Sea Louse Infection of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in Relation to Marine Salmon Farms on Canadas West Coast 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Sea Louse Infection of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in Relation to Marine Salmon Farms on Canadas West Coast 英文参考文献.doc

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Sea Louse Infection of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in Relation to Marine Salmon Farms on Canadas West Coast 英文参考文献

SeaLouseInfectionofJuvenileSockeyeSalmonin RelationtoMarineSalmonFarmsonCanada’sWest Coast MichaelH.H.Price1,2*,StanL.Proboszcz3,RickD.Routledge4,AllenS.Gottesfeld5,CraigOrr3,JohnD. Reynolds6 1DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofVictoria,Victoria,Canada,2RaincoastConservationFoundation,Sidney,Canada,3WatershedWatchSalmonSociety,Coquitlam, Canada,4DepartmentofStatisticsandActuarialScience,SimonFraserUniversity,Burnaby,Canada,5SkeenaFisheriesCommission,Hazelton,Canada,6EarthtoOcean ResearchGroup,DepartmentofBiology,SimonFraserUniversity,Burnaby,Canada Abstract Background: Pathogens are growing threats to wildlife. The rapid growth of marine salmon farms over the past two decadeshasincreasedhostabundanceforpathogenicsealiceincoastalwaters,andwildjuvenilesalmonswimmingpast farms are frequently infected with lice. Here we report the first investigation of the potential role of salmon farms in transmittingsealicetojuvenilesockeyesalmon(Oncorhynchusnerka). Methodology/PrincipalFindings:WeusedgeneticanalysestodeterminetheoriginofsockeyefromCanada’stwomost importantsalmonrivers,theFraserandSkeena;Frasersockeyemigratethrougharegionwithsalmonfarms,andSkeena sockeyedonot.WecomparedlicelevelsbetweenFraserandSkeenajuvenilesockeye,andwithinthesalmonfarmregion we compared lice levels on wild fish either before or after migration past farms. We matched the latter data on wild juvenileswithsealicedataconcurrentlygatheredonfarms.FraserRiversockeyemigratingthrougharegionwithsalmon farms hosted an order of magnitude more sea lice than Skeena River populations, where there are no farms. Lice abundancesonjuvenilesockeyeinthesalmonfarmregionweresubstantiallyhigherdownstreamoffarmsthanupstream offarmsforthetwocommonspeciesoflice:CaligusclemensiandLepeophtheirussalmonis,andchangesintheirproportions betweentwoyearsmatchedchangesonthefishfarms.Mixed-effectsmodelsshowthatpositionrelativetosalmonfarms bestexplainedC.clemensiabundanceonsockeye,whilemigrationyearcombinedwithpositionrelativetosalmonf