Sequence-Based Typing of Leptospira Epidemiology in the Genomic Era 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Sequence-Based Typing of Leptospira Epidemiology in the Genomic Era 英文参考文献.doc

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Sequence-Based Typing of Leptospira Epidemiology in the Genomic Era 英文参考文献

ExpertCommentary Sequence-BasedTypingofLeptospira:Epidemiologyin theGenomicEra PaulN.Levett* SaskatchewanDiseaseControlLaboratory,SaskatchewanHealth,Regina,Canada Background environment,oroneofgreatervirulence.Serologicalidentification of isolates indicated that many were of L. interrogans serovar Autumnalis. The recently published paper by Thaipadungpanit and colleagues in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [18] brought the discriminatory power of sequence-based typing to bear on the epidemiologyofthisrapidlyemergingdisease. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global distribution, maintainedinnaturebychronicrenalinfectionofcarrieranimals. Infected animals excrete the organisms in their urine and contaminate the environment. Human infection is acquired directly via exposure to the organism in tissues or body fluids, butmostoftenoccursindirectlyviaexposuretotheorganismsin the environment. Thus human exposure usually occurs remotely fromthereservoirorsourceanimal. In this study, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach wasdevelopedforapplicationtoisolatesofLeptospirafromhumans andfromreservoirhostanimals.Fromamong101humanisolates from northeast Thailand, 12 sequence types were identified. A singlesequencetype(ST34)accountedfor76%ofisolates.During thepeakoftheoutbreakin2000/2001,ST34accountedfor85% of all isolates. ST34 was also predominant among isolates from otherregionsofThailandduringthesametimeperiod. The incidence of leptospirosis is very strongly associated with rainfall. Excess rainfall events that cause massive flooding are associated with the potential for huge outbreaks, particularly in denselypopulatedregionsofthetropicalworld.Insuchsituations it is difficult if not impossible to identify the reservoir(s) of the organismsthatcausehumancases. Moreover, seven isolates from bandicoot rats (Bandicota spp.) werealsoshowntobeST34,whileasingleisolatefromRattusrattus was of a different sequence type. All isolates of ST34 were identified as L. interrogan