Shigellosis An Old Disease in New Clothes 英文参考文献.docVIP

respPectives Shigellosis: An Old Disease in New Clothes? Philippe J. Sansonetti A new study published in PLoS Medicine by von Seidlein and colleagues is a landmark single etiological agent, diarrhoea is etiologically diverse. Setting priorities for tackling diarrhoeal disease is There are three major reasons for this underestimation. First, published studies are often based upon passive surveillance carried out in medical institutions, and, therefore, many cases are missed, particularly those devoid of dysenteric symptoms that do not justify medical attention. Whether what counts in public health decisions are exhaustive ?gures on the incidence across the entire population or simply data on the cases that come to medical attention and bear medical costs is, of course, an important issue. Nevertheless, accurate appreciation of circulating strains in the population is important for decision makers, particularly for a disease that has no signi?cant reservoir other than humans, making it a good target for eradication by a vaccine. Second, Shigella is a very fastidious microorganism that “dislikes” transport, and for which no enrichment medium exists [7]. There is, therefore, a clear need for improved, quick, and robust methods of straight detection from faecal samples. Last but not least, signi?cant numbers of cases occur in adults, with a second disease peak after the age of 40 years. These cases are not necessarily considered in studies that are often focused on young children. One major issue is at stake here: in research on shigellosis [1]. von Seidlein and colleagues conducted a prospective, population-based, multi- centre study of Shigella diarrhoea in six Asian countries, producing data on disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology. The study provides, at the scale of a continent, critical epidemiological information regarding prevention strategies against a largely neglected disease that threatens to re-emerge due to its highly infectious pote