Similar Cerebral Motor Plans for Real and Virtual Actions 英文参考文献.docVIP

SimilarCerebralMotorPlansforRealandVirtualActions ChiaraBozzacchi1,3*,MariaAssuntaGiusti2,3,SabrinaPitzalis1,2,DonatellaSpinelli1,2,FrancescoDi Russo1,2 1DepartmentofEducationforMotorActivityandSport,UniversityofRome‘‘ForoItalico’’,Rome,Italy,2NeuropsychologyCentre,IRCCSSantaLuciaFoundation,Rome, Italy,3DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofRome‘‘LaSapienza’’,Rome,Italy Abstract Asimplemovement,suchaspressingabutton,canacquiredifferentmeaningsbyproducingdifferentconsequences,such as starting an elevator or switching a TV channel. We evaluated whether the brain activity preceding a simple action is modulatedbytheexpectedconsequencesoftheactionitself.Tofurtherthisaim,themotor-relatedcorticalpotentialswere comparedduringtwokey-pressactionsthatwereidenticalfromthekinematicspointofviewbutdifferentinbothmeaning andconsequences.Inonecase(virtualgrasp),thekey-pressstartedavideoclipshowingahandmovingtowardacupand graspingit;intheothercase,thekey-pressdidnotproduceanyconsequence(key-press).Athirdcondition(realgrasp )was alsocompared,inwhichsubjectsactuallygraspedthecup,producingthesameactionpresentedinthevideoclip.Data werecollectedfromfifteensubjects.Theresultsshowedthatmotorpreparationforvirtualgrasp(starting3sbeforethe movementonset)wasdifferentfromthatofthekey-pressandsimilartotherealgrasppreparation–asifsubjectshadto graspthecupinperson.Inparticular,bothvirtualandrealgrasppresentedaposteriorparietalnegativityprecedingactivity inmotorandpre-motorareas.Insummary,thisfindingsupportsthehypothesisthatmotorpreparationisaffectedbythe meaningoftheaction,evenwhentheactionisonlyvirtual. Citation: Bozzacchi C, Giusti MA, Pitzalis S, Spinelli D, Di Russo F (2012) Similar Cerebral Motor Plans for Real and Virtual Actions. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47783. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047783 Editor:PaulL.Gribble,TheUniversityofWesternOntario,Canada ReceivedJuly27,2012;AcceptedSeptember17,2012;PublishedOctober24,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Bozzacchi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under