Size and Shape of Protein Molecules at the Nanometer Level Determined by Sedimentation, Gel Filtration, and Electron Microscopy 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Size and Shape of Protein Molecules at the Nanometer Level Determined by Sedimentation, Gel Filtration, and Electron Microscopy 英文参考文献.doc

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SizeandShapeofProteinMoleculesattheNanometerLevel DeterminedbySedimentation,GelFiltration,andElectron Microscopy HaroldP.Erickson Abstract Animportantpartofcharacterizinganyproteinmoleculeistodetermineitssizeandshape.Sedimentation andgelfiltrationarehydrodynamictechniquesthatcanbeusedforthismediumresolutionstructuralanal- ysis.Thisreviewcollectsanumberofsimplecalculationsthatareusefulforthinkingaboutproteinstruc- ture at the nanometer level. Readers are reminded that the Perrin equation is generally not a valid approachtodeterminetheshapeofproteins.Instead,asimpleguidelineispresented,basedonthemea- suredsedimentationcoefficientandacalculatedmaximumS,toestimateifaproteinisglobularorelon- gated.ItisrecalledthatagelfiltrationcolumnfractionatesproteinsonthebasisoftheirStokesradius,not molecularweight.Themolecularweightcanbedeterminedbycombininggradientsedimentationandgel filtration, techniques available inmost biochemistry laboratories, as originally proposed by Siegel and Monte.Finally,rotaryshadowingandnegativestainelectronmicroscopyarepowerfultechniquesforre- solvingthesizeandshapeofsingleproteinmoleculesandcomplexesatthenanometerlevel.Acombina- tionofhydrodynamicsandelectronmicroscopyisespeciallypowerful. Keywords: Proteinshape,hydrodynamics,gelfiltration,sedimentation,electronmicroscopy. 1.Introduction Mostproteinsfoldintoglobulardomains.Proteinfoldingisdriv- en largely by the hydrophobic effect, which seeks to minimize contactofthepolypeptidewithsolvent.Mostproteinsfoldinto globular domains, which have a minimal surface area. Peptides from10to30kDatypically foldintoasingledomain. Peptides largerthan50kDatypicallyformtwoormoredomainsthatare ShulinLi(ed.),BiologicalProceduresOnline,Volume11,Number1 ?totheauthor(s)2009 DOI:10.1007/s12575-009-9008-xURL:; 32 SizeandShapeofProteinMoleculesattheNanometerLevel 33 independently folded. However, some proteins arehighly elon- gated, either as astring of small globular domains orstabilized byspecializedstructuressuch