South American Plasmodium falciparum after the Malaria Eradication Era Clonal Population Expansion and Survival of the Fittest Hybrids 英文参考文献.docVIP

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South American Plasmodium falciparum after the Malaria Eradication Era Clonal Population Expansion and Survival of the Fittest Hybrids 英文参考文献.doc

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South American Plasmodium falciparum after the Malaria Eradication Era Clonal Population Expansion and Survival of the Fittest Hybrids 英文参考文献

SouthAmericanPlasmodiumfalciparumafterthe MalariaEradicationEra:ClonalPopulationExpansionand SurvivaloftheFittestHybrids SeanM.Griffing1,2,3,TonyaMixson-Hayden1,2,SankarSridaran1,4,MdTauqeerAlam1,2,AndreaM. McCollum1,2,Ce′sarCabezas5,WilmerMarquin?oQuezada5,JohnW.Barnwell1,AlexandreMacedoDe Oliveira1,CarmenLucas6,NancyArrospide5,AnaniasA.Escalante7,DavidJ.Bacon6 ,Venkatachalam Udhayakumar1* 1Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 2Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America, 3Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University,Atlanta,Georgia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4AssociationofPublicHealthLaboratories,SilverSpring,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5InstitutoNacionalde Salud,Lima,Peru,6ParasitologyProgram,NavalMedicalResearchCenterDetachment,Lima,Peru,7SchoolofLifeSciences,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona, UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Malariahasreemergedinmanyregionswhereonceitwasnearlyeliminated.Yetthesourceoftheseparasites,theprocess ofrepopulation,theirpopulationstructure,anddynamicsareilldefined.Peruwasoneofmalariaeradication’ssuccesses, wherePlasmodiumfalciparumwasnearlyeliminatedfortwodecades.Itreemergedinthe1990s.Intheneweraofmalaria elimination, Peruvian P. falciparum is a model of malaria reinvasion. We investigated its population structure and drug resistanceprofiles.Wehypothesizedthatonlypopulationsadaptedtolocalecologicalnichescouldexpandandrepopulate andoriginatedasvestigialpopulationsorrecentintroductions.Weinvestigatedthegeneticstructure(usingmicrosatellites) anddrugresistantgenotypesof220parasitescollectedfrompatientsimmediatelyafterpeakepidemicexpansion(1999– 2000)fromsevensitesacrossthecountry.Themajorityofparasitescouldbegroupedintofiveclonallineagesbynetworks andAMOVA.Thedistributionofclonallineagesandtheirdrugsensitivityprofilessuggestedgeographics