SectionN真核生物的转录因子.pptVIP

通过不同的组合，这些HLH型的转录因子能够产生多种各自具有不同功能与作用的同型或异型的转录因子，这些因子可以受一种被成为ID的抑制因子调控。该ID缺乏与DNA结合的结构域，但都含有HLH的二聚化结构域，当它与MYOD和相关蛋白结合后，形成的异型二聚无法与DNA结合，因此也就无法调控转录 MyoD-DNA DNA OFF OFF OFF mRNA mRNA mRNA mRNA mRNA Anothertranscriptionfactor MyoD Muscle cell(fully differentiated) MyoD protein(transcription factor) Myoblast (determined) Embryonicprecursor cell Myosin, othermuscle proteins,and cell-cycleblocking proteins Other muscle-specific genes myoD Nucleus Determination. Signals from other cells activate a masterregulatory gene, myoD, 1 Differentiation. MyoD protein activatesother muscle-specific transcription factors, which in turn activate genes for muscle proteins. 2 Cell determination: myoD Fig 21.10 The cell is now ireversibly determined The cell is now fully differentiated myoD is a “master control” gene: it makes a transcription factor that can activate other muscle specific genes. The embryonic precursor cell is still undifferentiated DNA OFF OFF OFF mRNA mRNA mRNA mRNA mRNA Anothertranscriptionfactor MyoD Muscle cell(fully differentiated) MyoD protein(transcription factor) Myoblast (determined) Embryonicprecursor cell Myosin, othermuscle proteins,and cell-cycleblocking proteins Other muscle-specific genes Master control gene myoD Nucleus Determination. Signals from other cells activate a masterregulatory gene, myoD, 1 Differentiation. MyoD protein activatesother muscle-specific transcription factors, which in turn activate genes for muscle proteins. 2 ?Determination and differentiation of muscle cells The cell is now ireversibly determined The cell is now fully differentiated 6. 胚胎发育:同源域蛋白 同源框是一段保守的DNA序列，编码一种同源异型域的螺旋-转角-螺旋的DNA结合蛋白。同源异型域最初在果蝇同源异性基因编码的转录因子中发现，果蝇同源异型基因编码的转录因子中的同源异型域负责身体各部分的正确分化 。 例如，同源异型基因中的一种Antennapedia的突变可使果蝇在应该长触角的地方长出腿来。这些基因对胚胎的空间构型的形成非常重要。 。 最早在果蝇的homeotic loci（决定身体结构）中发现同形异位现象(homeosis): 果蝇头部长触角部位长出脚来。 同形异位盒基因(homeobox) : 高度保守的一段核苷酸序列（180bp）, 控制胚胎发育的基因。 从酵母到人类都存在； homeobox, DNA序列高度保守。 同源异形结构域（Homeodomains，HD） * * 2. 螺旋