中国农业非点源污染控制的经济措施探讨--以北京密云水库为例.pdfVIP

生态与农村环境学报 2∞6 ， 22 (2): 88 -91 }ournal 01 Ecology αnd Rural EnvironmelÚ 中国农业非点源污染控制的经济措施探讨一一以北京密云水 库为例 王晓燕1 ， 2 ，曹利平2 (1.资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室，北京 100037; 2. 首都师范大学资师、环境与旅游 学院，北京附则37) 摘慕:针对我国农业非点源污染特征，提出污染控制经济政策体系，包括2辈子限制和约束功能的税费政策，基于引导和鼓励功能 的补贴、补偿等优惠政策，以及创建基于流域的使污染削减总成本簸小化的排污权交易市场。逃择北京市室主苦水源地一一密云 水库的2 大汇水流域之一的潮问流域(密公县境内)为政策设计示范区，从经济、技术及制度方面分析了各经济政策的功能和适 用情况，提出本区以鼓励扶持引导为主、收费惩罚为辅控制削减农业非点抑、污染的经济政策构想，并估算了对农民环保行为给予 补贴和补偿的额度。 关键词:农业非点源污染;经济政策体系;密云云水库 中回分类串寄: X196; X5 2; X323 文献标识码:A 文意编号: 1673 -4831 (2饥汤)02 -0088-04 Economic Approachωthe Control of A酬c旧制raI N翩翩Point Source PoDution in China-A Case Sωdy of 伽e Miyun Reservoir in Beijing. WANG Xioo_yan 1,2 ,CAO Li蝴-pini ( 1. Key Lahorato巧。f Resources ,Environment GIS of Beijing ,Beijing 1侃J037 ， China; 2. Col唰 lege of Resources , Environment Tourism ,Capital Nonnal University ,Beijing 1创卫。37 ， China) Abstract: B幽ed on the environmental policies of the state and economic theories applicahle , a systematic series of economic policies for control and management of agricuìtural non-point source pollution (NPSP) w嗣 designed with clear objectives , principles and methods. The key issues of the policy system include pollution charge and input taxation as deterrence ,and subsidization 制 incentive ， effiuent trading for cost minimization. The watershed of Chaohe River ,one of the two main water 削U配制。，f the Miyun Reservoir ,which is an important water source supplying drinking wa怡r to the resid创lts in Beijing ,is chosen as the demonstrative research areιBased on analysis of functions and suitahility of various economic policies ,a site-specific economic policy conception is advanced , putting encouragement and incentive first and penalty and fine second. Feasibility of the policy is analyzed with co