经济一体化理论与实践 Economic Integration Theory and Practice.pdfVIP

4. Economic 4. Economic Integration Integration Theory and Theory and Practice Practice Definition of economic integration Definition of economic integration The combination of several national economies into a larger territorial unit. It implies the elimination of economic boarders between countries. Economic borders: any obstacle which limits the mobility of goods services and factors of production between countries. Definition of economic integration Definition of economic integration • Jan Tinbergen: all processes of economic integration include two aspects: – Negative integration: the elimination of obstacles. – Positive integration: harmonization, coordination of existing instruments. Number of regional trade agreements, 1948-2002 Source: WTO (2003) Levels of economic integration Levels of economic integration • There are several levels of economic integration: – A. Free trade area – B. Customs union – C. Common or single market – D. Economic and monetary union Types of Regional Trade Agreements Types of Regional Trade Agreements The EU FECHA PAIS FECHA AMPLIACIONES FECHA AMPLIACIONES Alemania Dinamarca 2004 Hungría Francia 1973 Irlanda 2004 Polonia Italia Reino Unido 2004 República Checa 1958 Bélgica 1981 Grecia 2004 Eslovenia Holanda España 2004 Estonia 1986 Luxemburgo Portugal 2004 Chipre Austria - Turquía 1995 Suecia 2004 Malta