托桂花型菊花花发育的组织结构观察.pdfVIP

园 艺 学 报 2010 ，37 （12）：1961 –1968 Acta Horticulturae Sinica 托桂花型菊花花发育的组织结构观察 * 李风童，陈素梅，陈发棣 ，房伟民，刘兆磊，张 飞 （南京农业大学园艺学院，南京 210095 ） 摘 要：采用石蜡切片技术对托桂型菊花和非托桂型菊花的花发育过程以及花瓣的组织机构进行观 察。结果表明：菊花的花芽分化可分为花序分化和小花分化两个阶段，托桂和非托桂型菊花的花芽分化 过程在小花花冠伸长期开始出现差异，桂瓣的发育过程中组织结构的变化更类似于舌状花；成熟的桂瓣 和舌状花一样，其花瓣结构均由上下表皮细胞和内部多层叶肉细胞构成，而非托桂花型菊花管状花花瓣 仅有上下表皮细胞。桂瓣内层细胞旺盛的分裂能力以及发达的维管束组织可能是菊花形成托桂花型的重 要原因。 关键词：菊花；托桂花型；花发育；组织结构 中图分类号：S 682.1+ 1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0513-353X （2010 ）12-1961-08 Histological Structure Observation on the Floral Development of Anemone Type Chrysanthemum * LI Feng-tong ，CHEN Su-mei，CHEN Fa-di ，FANG Wei-min ，LIU Zhao-lei ，and ZHANG Fei （College of Horticulture，Nanjing Agricultural University ，Nanjing 210095 ，China） Abstract ：We observed the floral development of anemone and non-anemone type chrysanthemum as well as the histological structures of different types of petals by paraffin section method. The results indicated that the flower bud differentiation of chrysanthemum included two stages such as the inflorescence and floret differentiation. The difference of floral development between anemone and non-anemone type chrysanthemum occurred in the stage of the elongation of floret corolla. The histological structure of disk floret in the anemone type chrysanthemum plays similarities with that of the ray floret not only at their developmental stage but also at the mature stage. They all consist of multiple cell layers including upper and lower epidermal cell layers and internal loose mesophyll cells. Nevertheless ，the disk floret of the non-anemone type chrysanthemum just has the petal layout of upper and lower epidermal cell layers. In the development of the disk floret in anemone type chrysanthemum ，the exuberant