grammar专插本实用语法.docx

第一章名词1．考试内容 (39-57)名词和名词词组(40)名词的句法功能 (41)名词的单位词 (49)名词的属格 (54)⒉考试要求掌握名词的可数不可数 (42-47)熟悉名词的单复数 (42-47)The plural form of most nouns is created simply by adding the letter s.more than one snake = snakes more than one ski = skis more than one Barrymore = BarrymoresWords that end in -ch,x,s or s-like sounds, however, will require an -es for the plural: more than one witch = witches more than one box = boxes more than one gas = gases more than one bus = buses more than one kiss = kisses more than one Jones = JonesesNote that some dictionaries list busses as an acceptable plural for bus. Presumably, this is because the plural buses looks like it ought to rhyme with the plural of fuse, which is fuses. Buses is still listed as the preferable plural form. Busses is the plural, of course, for buss, a seldom used word for kiss.There are several nouns that have irregular plural forms. more than one child = children more than one woman = women more than one man = men more than one person = people more than one goose = geese more than one mouse = mice more than one barracks = barracks more than one deer = deerAnd, finally, there are nouns that maintain their Latin or Greek form in the plural. more than one nucleus = nuclei more than one syllabus = syllabi more than one focus = foci more than one fungus = fungi more than one cactus = cacti (cactuses is acceptable) more than one thesis = theses more than one crisis = crises* more than one phenomenon = phenomena more than one index = indices (indexes is acceptable) more than one appendix = appendices (appendixes is acceptable) more than one criterion = criteriaA handful of nouns appear to be plural in form but take a singular verb:The news is bad. Gymnastics is fun to watch. Economics/mathematics/statistics is said to be difficult. (Economics can sometimes be a plural concept, as in The economics of the situation demand that . . . .)Numerical expressions are usually singular, but can be plural if the individuals within a numerical