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文章 In-Band Device-to-Device Communication in.doc
A comparison of Bluetooth, WiFi direct and in-band D2D (LTE direct) is provided in Table I. In general, use of an unlicensed spectrum for D2D communication may result in poor quality of service (QoS), because of uncontrolled interference. In addition, the discovery process and setup of connection in out-band D2D or in WiFi direct/Bluetooth is quite complicated since it needs user intervention to establish the connection between the two devices. In contrast to these technologies, inband D2D uses licensed bands, where the above-mentioned problems are solved in a more efficient way. The reason is that the cellular network commonly controls all D2D communication that is currently ongoing and adopts sophisticated allocation and interference mitigation techniques to provide QoS to its users. On the other hand, since cellular networks are managed by the operators, users are likely to have to pay for the connection.
III. D2D CLASSIFICATION
A. D2D Management
From the management point of view, D2D can be classified according to the level of the network’s involvement in control of D2D and a how D2D communication is established (denoted as D2D discovery). In this section, the main characteristic of both management aspects are described and their pros and cons are discussed.
从管理的角度，用户可根据控制D2D网络的参与水平和如何建立D2D通信的分类（记为D2D发现）。在这一部分中，这两个管理方面的主要特点进行了描述和讨论他们的优点和缺点。
D2D Control: The D2D control indicates how deeply the network is involved in the control and management of D2D communication. As shown in Fig. 2, the control of D2D can be fully managed by the network (full control), partly managed by the network (loosely control) or hybrid (between full and loosely control).
控制：D2D D2D控制指示如何深入网络参与D2D通信控制和管理。如图2所示，D2D的控制可以通过网络全面管理（完全控制），部分管理由网络（松散控制）或混合（在完全和松散的控制之间）。
In case of full control, the D2D communication is managed by the network of the operator [10]. To be more specific, the network is fully responsible for D2D authentication process during D2D discovery and initiation phase, it han
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