英语课堂演讲(弗朗西斯贝肯).ppt

Francis Bacon How much do you know about him? Francis Bacon (1561——1626） Philosopher哲学家 Statesman 政治家 Scientist 科学家 Jurist法学家 Author作家 Cambridge trinity college(1573) 剑桥大学三一学院 Philosophical Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》(1605) Novum Organum 《新工具论》（1620） New Atlantis 《新大西岛》(1624-1626) Literary Essays 《论说文集》(1597-1625) Of studies Studies serve for delight, for ornament（装饰）, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition（处置） of business. 　　For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars（细节）, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots（情节） and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. 　　To spend too much time in studies is sloth（懒惰）; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. 　　They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in/ by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 　　Read not to contradict（反驳） and confute（驳斥）; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 　　Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. 　　Some books also may be read by deputy（代理）, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled（蒸馏的） books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.