经济计算题（Economic calculation）.docVIP

经济计算题（Economic calculation） I. calculation of paper money circulation or paper currency purchasing power Note paper money is a value symbol issued and enforced by a state (or some region). Paper money itself has no value and it is only a function of the circulation of metal money. Notes and purchasing-power countries have the right to issue notes and have the right to determine the denomination of the notes (the size of their face value), but not to issue any money or to dictate the purchasing power of paper money. The purchasing power of paper money is realized in market competition. The amount of money required in circulation is equal to the number of goods sold for sale. Inflation and deflation Inflation: refers to the phenomenon of total and sustained price increases arising in the operation of the economy. It is one of the main causes of inflation that the circulation of banknotes exceeds the amount of money actually needed in circulation. Deflation: an economic phenomenon contrary to inflation. It is a symptom of a sustained decline in prices, usually accompanied by a recession. The depreciation rate of paper money = (1 - the amount of metal money/note circulation needed in circulation) x 100% For example, the amount of metal in circulation at a certain period of time in a country is 10 billion yuan, and the actual paper money is 20 billion yuan, and the depreciation rate of paper money = (1-100/200) times 100 % = 50 %. Price rise = (1) * 100% of the amount of money needed in circulation/circulation For example, the amount of metal that a country needs in a certain period of circulation is 10 billion yuan, the actual paper money is 20 billion yuan, and the price fluctuation = (200/100) -1) times 100% = 100%. You can also calculate this by using the following formula Inflation rate = (current price level - pre-price level)/pre-price level The depreciation rate of paper money = (current price level - pre-price level)/current price level For example, the average