上海市郊林带附近晴天地表热量平衡特征的分析.pdfVIP

第28卷 第1期 气 象 科 学 Vo1．28，No．1 2008年2月 SCIENTIA ME IEOROLOGICA SINICA Feb．，2008 贺芳芳．上海市郊林带附近晴天地表热量平衡特征的分析．气象科学，2008，28(1)：37-44 上海市郊林带附近晴天地表热量 平衡特征的分析 贺芳芳 (上海市气候中心，上海200030) 摘 要 林带附近的热量平衡各分量的变化体现了林带对周围近地大气环境的影响。本文根 据上海市郊林带附近温、湿、风梯度及净辐射观测资料，分析了林带附近冬夏晴天热量平衡各分量 的特征，结果表明：夏季林带附近的净辐射比非林带小，冬季则比非林带大；林带对风速有减弱作 用，林带附近的湍流输送较弱，因而林带附近热量和水汽量输送较小；林带附近有植物蒸腾，蒸散耗 热量较大，为热量平衡中主要支出项；土壤热通量变化与近地面地温变化有关；林带附近较大的蒸 散耗热和较弱的湍流输送有利于有利林带附近土壤水分的储存，并使周围湿润，但高温或低温时， 湿度增加会引起人体不适，在林带规划上要充分考虑以上特点。 关键词 上海市郊 林带附近 热量平衡 光热水输送 分类号 P422．4 文献标识码 A Characteristic analysis of surface heat balance of the near-forest in fine winter and summer days in Shanghai suburb He Fangfang (Shanghai Climate Center，Shanghai 20oo30) Abstract The variet)r of surface heat balance items call reflect influence of the forest band on sur- face atmosphere environment around the forest band．Based on gradient observation data of temperature， humidity，wind and net radiation near forest band in Shanghai suburb，the characteristic of each item of heat balance in fine winter and summer days was analyzed．The results showed that the net radiation near forest band was smaller than the non-forest band in summer，but it was bigger than the non-forest band in winter，the turbutent heat flux near forest Was insignificant since the wind speed could be weaken by forest，transportation quantity of heat and moisture near forest band tend to be less． As for plant transpi- ration near forest band，it Was evapotranspiration heat flux that dominanted item in surface heat balane． In addition，soil heat flux cha