分子生物学简介分析.ppt

Molecular Biology;Outline;Major events in the history of Molecular Biology 1952 - 1960;Major events in the history of Molecular Biology 1970;Major events in the history of Molecular Biology 1970- 1977;Major events in the history of Molecular Biology 1986 - 1995;Major events in the history of Molecular Biology 1995-1996;1997 E. Coli sequenced 1998 PerkinsElmer, Inc.. Developed 96-capillary sequencer 1998 Complete sequence of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome 1999 First human chromosome (number 22) sequenced;Major events in the history of Molecular Biology 2000-2001;Major events in the history of Molecular Biology 2003- Present;What is covered?-- Cells and macromolecules;Cells are the basic units of living organisms ;Cell differs enormously in size, shape and activities. ;1. Cellular classification;1.1 Prokaryotic cells;Archaea;Schematic drawing of a prokaryotic cell ;Model of biological system: bacteria ;The Eukaryotic Cell;Model biological systems: Eukaryotic cells;2. Subcellular organelles;Membranes;2.1 Nuclei;2.2 Mitochondria;Mitochondria and energy trading;2.4;2.3 Golgi apparatus;2.4 Microbodies;Chemical Composition of Cells;Chemical Bonds;Chemical Bonds: Polar Covalent Bonds;Chemical Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds;The binding of a hypothetical pair of proteins by two ionic bonds, one hydrogen bond, and one large combination of hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. ;3. Macromolecules;Macromolecules are synthesized by chaining together smaller subunits (monomers).;Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides;Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides;Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic macromolecules.;Lipids: Fats (triacylglycerols);Lipids: Phospholipids;Lipids: Phospholipids;Lipids: Steroids;From Genes to Proteins ;DNA ;Nucleic Acids;Joined by phosphodiester linkages.;;DNA function;Gene structure;Transcription;mRNA;mRNA splicing;Alternative splicing;Translation;Proteins;Protein structure;Proteins: Amino Acids;Proteins: Amino Acids;Proteins: Peptide Bonds;Proteins: The “machinery”