dynamics via measurability动力学通过可测性.pdfVIP

DYNAMICS VIA MEASURABILITY SVETLANA BUTLER AND JOSEPH ROSENBLATT Received 4 February 2005; Accepted 21 March 2005 Generators f for σ -algebras can be used to view the dynamics of an invertible measurable transformation T in terms of the range values of f ◦ T. Such generators are the norm rather than the exception. Related measurable and quantitative methods of estimating a function from the behavior of ergodic averages are also discussed. Copyright © 2006 S. Butler and J. Rosenblatt. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, dis- tribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction There are many aspects of the dynamics of a measure-preserving transformation T, and the behavior of f ◦ Tn for some measurable function f , that can be understood in a re- vealing fashion by considering the σ -algebras that are generated by taking the smallest σ -algebra with respect to which the iterates f ◦ T, ... ,f ◦ Tn are measurable. In order to understand this in detail, some basic definitions and facts about measurability are needed. These facts are put in the second section. Then in the third section we discuss some prop- erties of functions that are generic. In the fourth section, we discuss dynamics from the viewpoint of suitable measurable changes of variable in the range of functions and how this is related to various qualitative aspects of the dynamics of T. In the fifth section, we consider some quantitative estimates that arise from the ergodic averages, and how they may or may not give information about f , in contrast to what can be said from the method in the fourth section of this article. 2. Structure of σ-algebras Let (X ,Λ, m) be a probability space. We do not always need more than this in the sequel, but sometimes it will be necessary to assume that the probability space is non-at