effect of melt scan rate on microstructure and macrostructure for electron beam melting of ti-6al-4v融化扫描速率对微观结构和宏观结构的影响ti-6al-4v电子束融化.pdfVIP
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effect of melt scan rate on microstructure and macrostructure for electron beam melting of ti-6al-4v融化扫描速率对微观结构和宏观结构的影响ti-6al-4v电子束融化
Materials Sciences and Applications, 2012, 3, 259-264 259
/10.4236/msa.2012.35038 Published Online May 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/msa)
Effect of Melt Scan Rate on Microstructure and
Macrostructure for Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V
Karina Puebla, Lawrence E. Murr, Sara M. Gaytan, Edwin Martinez, Francisco Medina,
Ryan B. Wicker
University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USA.
Email: kpuebla@
Received January 24th, 2012; revised February 25th, 2012; accepted March 28th, 2012
ABSTRACT
Microstructure and variations in porosity in Ti-6Al-4V samples built with electron beam melting (EBM) over a range of
melt scan speeds, ranging from 100 mm·s−1 to 1000 mm·s−1 were examined. Microstructure was characterized by re-
finement of α-phase and transformation toα-martensite. Light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and
transmission electron microscopy were used to observe these phenomena, while corresponding tensile testing and asso-
ciated macro and microindentation hardness measurements were used to define the microstructural variations. Relative
stiffness was observed to be linearly log-log related to relative density, corresponding to ideal porosity associated with
open-cellular structures.
Keywords: Electron Beam Melting; Additive Manufacturing; α-Phase and α-Martensite; Optical and Electron
Microscopy; Melt-Scan Rate
1. Introduction 0.466) phase grains characteristic of conventional cast or
wrought Ti-6Al-4V products, and EBM-fabricated Ti-
Laser and electron beam processing of metal and alloy
6Al-4V products [5]. In addition, and because of varia-
powders using
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