beyond the colours discovering hidden diversity in the nymphalidae of the yucatan peninsula in mexico through dna barcoding除了颜色发现隐藏的多样性的nymphalidae通过dna条码技术在墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛.pdfVIP

Beyond the Colours: Discovering Hidden Diversity in the Nymphalidae of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico through DNA Barcoding 1 1 1 2 Blanca R. Prado , Carmen Pozo *, Martha Valdez-Moreno , Paul D. N. Hebert 1 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico, 2 Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada Abstract Background: Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of DNA barcoding in the discovery of overlooked species and in the connection of immature and adult stages. In this study, we use DNA barcoding to examine diversity patterns in 121 species of Nymphalidae from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Our results suggest the presence of cryptic species in 8 of these 121 taxa. As well, the reference database derived from the analysis of adult specimens allowed the identification of nymphalid caterpillars providing new details on host plant use. Methodology/Principal Findings: We gathered DNA barcode sequences from 857 adult Nymphalidae representing 121 different species. This total includes four species (Adelpha iphiclus, Adelpha malea, Hamadryas iphtime and Taygetis laches) that were initially overlooked because of their close morphological similarity to other species. The barcode results showed that each of the 121 species possessed a diagnostic array of barcode sequences. In addition, there was evidence of cryptic taxa; seven species included two barcode clusters showing more than 2% sequence divergence while one species included three clusters. All 71 nymphalid caterpillars were identified to a species level by their sequence congruence to adult sequences. These caterpillars represented 16 species, and included Hamadryas julitta, an endemic species from the Yucatan Peninsula wh