brain rhythms reveal a hierarchical network organization脑节奏揭示一个层次网络组织.pdfVIP

Brain Rhythms Reveal a Hierarchical Network Organization 1 ´ 2 G. Karl Steinke , Roberto F. Galan * 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, 2 Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America Abstract Recordings of ongoing neural activity with EEG and MEG exhibit oscillations of specific frequencies over a non-oscillatory background. The oscillations appear in the power spectrum as a collection of frequency bands that are evenly spaced on a logarithmic scale, thereby preventing mutual entrainment and cross-talk. Over the last few years, experimental, computational and theoretical studies have made substantial progress on our understanding of the biophysical mechanisms underlying the generation of network oscillations and their interactions, with emphasis on the role of neuronal synchronization. In this paper we ask a very different question. Rather than investigating how brain rhythms emerge, or whether they are necessary for neural function, we focus on what they tell us about functional brain connectivity. We hypothesized that if we were able to construct abstract networks, or ‘‘virtual brains’’, whose dynamics were similar to EEG/ MEG recordings, those networks would share structural features among themselves, and also with real brains. Applying mathematical techniques for inverse problems, we have reverse-engineered network architectures that generate characteristic dynamics of actual brains, including spindles and sharp waves, which appear in the power spectrum as