应用蚂蚁分群模式进行零件家族形成.PDF

管理科學研究 第一屆管理與決策2005 年學術研討會特刊 第87-98 頁 應用螞蟻分群模式進行零件家族形成 An Ant-based Clustering Algorithm for Part Family Formation 1 2 高有成 李岳倫 摘要 針對少量多樣化的生產模式，單元製造是最有效率的生產系統。而群組技術是單 元製造系統常用的設計方法，其需要一個有效的零件分群方法，來進行製造單元初步 設計。集群分析法為常用的零件分群方法之一，搭配特殊的相似係數，能集群相似度 高的零件成為零件家族。集群分析法可分為階層式分群與非階層式分群兩種，但階層 分群法容易產生鏈結效應，而非階層分群事先需給定零件家族數目。故在本研究中提 出一個以人工螞蟻分群模式(AntClust)為基之零件分群演算法，來解決上述問題。本演 算法利用螞蟻演算法的特性：群體性與隨機性，使零件分群結果不會在分群過程中過 早決定，降低資料本身特性之影響。另外，本演算法不必預先給定群數，可直接利用 螞蟻自我組織能力形成自然群組。本演算法已經被開發成軟體系統，並利用零件分群 績效指標，對六個文獻案例進行測試，都得到相當好的單元形成績效。 關鍵字：群組技術、零件家族形成、螞蟻演算法、群體智慧 Abstract Cellular Manufacturing is one of the major applications of group technology. It requires an effective part clustering approach for preliminary manufacturing cell design. One of famous approaches is the cluster analysis method, which uses similarity coefficients and clustering methods to group similarity parts into part families. Clustering methods are divided into two categories: hierarchical and nonhierarchical methods. Hierarchical methods often suffer from chaining effects, while nonhierarchical methods need a predetermined cluster number. The research proposes a part clustering algorithm that is based on an artificial ant clustering model (AntClust). The algorithm utilizes the characteristics of ants, congregation and randomness, to prevent grouping results from being fixed during clustering processes and to reduce the effects of noisy data. Besides, the algorithm doesn’t need a predetermined cluster number. The algorithm has the ability of self-organization to form part families naturally. The algorithm has been developed into a software system. Six literature problems were selected to test the proposed algorithm with