外科重要知识点（Important surgical knowledge）.docVIP

外科重要知识点（Important surgical knowledge） Examination outline of surgery I. Basic surgery 1. Asepsis (1) conception of aseptic technique (2) aseptic and antibacterial methods 2, surgical patient fluid balance (1) the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic dehydration (2) the diagnosis and treatment of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia (3) the concept and types of acid-base imbalance (4) the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis 3, surgical shock and multiple organ dysfunction (1) the etiology and treatment of hemorrhagic shock (2) definition, type and treatment of septic shock (3) significance and method of central venous pressure measurement (4) the definition, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and monitoring of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (5) the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 4 anesthesia and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1) the basic concept of anesthesia (2) the categories, indications and complications of intra spinal anesthesia (including spinal anesthesia and epidural block anesthesia) (3) commonly used inhalation anesthesia, drugs; (4) the method and medicine of intravenous anesthesia (5) pain management: pain assessment, diagnosis and treatment (6) the concept of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the principle and method of artificial respiration and cardiac massage, and the significance and method of brain resuscitation 5. The methods and indications of surgical nutrition support, and the methods of supplement of parenteral nutrition (TPN) 6. Surgical infection (1) the concept, clinical manifestation and treatment principle of surgical infection. Rational selection of antimicrobial agents and precautions (2) the common features and treatment principles of skin and soft tissue infections (3) the concept of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, the etiology, clinical manifestations