外科液体治疗及营养支持（Surgical fluid therapy and nutritional support）.docVIP

外科液体治疗及营养支持（Surgical fluid therapy and nutritional support） 3, loss of water performance and loss The division and manifestation of hypotonic dehydration Mild sodium deficiency, 135~131 mmol/L fatigue, dizziness, headache, numbness of hands and feet, absence of thirst, and two increase in urine, Reduce sodium urine, a low proportion of weight loss of 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight Moderate sodium deficiency, 130~121 mmol/L of the above symptoms, and nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, instability or descent of blood pressure, Low pulse pressure, shallow vein atrophy, blurred vision, standing faint, poor skin elasticity, small urine, urine Almost no Na, per kilogram of body Nacl 0.5 grams Severe deficiency of sodium 120mmol/L following unconsciousness, muscle spasm ache, diminished or absent tendon reflexes, stupor, Even coma, often accompanied by shock, per kilogram of body sodium deficiency 0.75 ~ 1.25 grams The division and manifestation of hyperosmotic dehydration Mild thirst is the only symptom of dehydration. The water loss is 2 to 4% of body weight Moderate water extreme thirst, fatigue, oliguria, urine specific gravity, dry tongue, skin smooth, sunken eyes, irritability etc. The loss of water is 4 to 6% of the body weight Severe water shortage, these symptoms increased, dry, crazy, hallucinations, delirium, and even coma and other symptoms of brain dysfunction And serious dehydration, water loss 6% 4. Normal water and electrolyte requirements Daily physiological water requirement of normal adults: 30-40ml/kg, about 2000 ~ 2500ml. The daily electrolyte requirement of normal adults: sodium 1 ~ 1.4mmol/kg, potassium 0.7 ~ 0.9mmol/kg, magnesium, 0.04mmol/kg, calcium, 0.11mmol/kg, phosphorus, 0.15mmol/kg, chloride, 1.3 ~ 1.9mmol/kg. Namely: Nacl 4 ~ 5g, KCl 3 ~ 4G. Note: Nacl contains Na 17mmol/L per gram, potassium chloride equivalent to 13.4mmol/L K per gram. 5, complete fasting water patients infusion: take adults as an example (65kg) 1) physiological requir