numerical modeling of plasmonic nanoantennas with realistic 3d roughness and distortion数值模拟的电浆nanoantennas现实三维粗糙度和扭曲.pdfVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 7178-7187; doi:10.3390/s110707178 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Numerical Modeling of Plasmonic Nanoantennas with Realistic 3D Roughness and Distortion Alexander V. Kildishev *, Joshua D. Borneman, Kuo-Ping Chen and Vladimir P. Drachev Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; E-Mails: joshua.borneman@ (J.D.B.); kpchen@ (K.-P.C.); vdrachev@ (V.P.D.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kildishev@; Tel.: +1-765-496-3196. Received: 15 May 2011; in revised form: 4 July 2011 / Accepted: 5 July 2011 / Published: 13 July 2011 Abstract: Nanostructured plasmonic metamaterials, including optical nanoantenna arrays, are important for advanced optical sensing and imaging applications including surface-enhanced fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and Raman scattering. Although designs typically use ideally smooth geometries, realistic nanoantennas have nonzero roughness, which typically results in a modified enhancement factor that should be involved in their design. Herein we aim to treat roughness by introducing a realistic roughened geometry into the finite element (FE) model. Even if the roughness does not result in significant loss, it does result in a spectral shift and inhomogeneous broadening of the resonance, which could be