noncovalent labeling of biomolecules with red and near- infrared dyes共价标记的生物分子与红色和近红外染料.pdfVIP

Molecules 2004, 9, 40-49 molecules ISSN 1420-3049 Review Noncovalent Labeling of Biomolecules with Red and Near- Infrared Dyes Gabor Patonay,* Jozef Salon, John Sowell and Lucjan Strekowski Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, University Plaza, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA. Tel. (404)-651-3856, Fax (404) 651-1416. *To whom correspondence should be addressed; e-mail: cheggp@ Received: 25 February 2004 / Accepted: 27 February 2004 / Published: 28 February 2004 Abstract: Biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids can be labeled with a fluorescent marker to allow for their detection. Covalent labeling is achieved by the reaction of an appropriately functionalized dye marker with a reactive group on a biomolecule. The recent trend, however, is the use of noncovalent labeling that results from strong hydrophobic and/or ionic interactions between the marker and biomolecule of interest. The main advantage of noncovalent labeling is that it affects the functional activity of the biomolecule to a lesser extent. The applications of luminescent cyanine and squarylium dyes are reviewed. Keywords: Cyanine dyes, squarylium dyes, protein, DNA, capillary electrophoresis, fluorescence. Introduction Optical probes for labeling of biomolecules have been widely used in science and clinical analysis. The label molecule may contain a reactive functional group for a covalent attachment to the biomolecule of interest. Alternatively, a non-func