particulate matter air pollution and respiratory symptoms in individuals having either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a european multicentre panel study颗粒物空气污染和呼吸道症状的个体有哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究欧洲多中心面板.pdfVIP

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particulate matter air pollution and respiratory symptoms in individuals having either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a european multicentre panel study颗粒物空气污染和呼吸道症状的个体有哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究欧洲多中心面板.pdf

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particulate matter air pollution and respiratory symptoms in individuals having either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a european multicentre panel study颗粒物空气污染和呼吸道症状的个体有哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究欧洲多中心面板

Karakatsani et al. Environmental Health 2012, 11:75 /content/11/1/75 RESEARCH Open Access Particulate matter air pollution and respiratory symptoms in individuals having either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a European multicentre panel study 1* 2 2 3 4,5 6 Anna Karakatsani , Antonis Analitis , Dimitra Perifanou , Jon G Ayres , Roy M Harrison , Anastasia Kotronarou , 6 7,8 9 10 11 11 Ilias G Kavouras , Juha Pekkanen , Kaarle Hämeri , Gerard PA Kos , Jeroen J de Hartog , Gerard Hoek and Klea Katsouyanni2 Abstract Background: Particulate matter air pollution has been associated with adverse health effects. The fraction of ambient particles that are mainly responsible for the observed health effects is still a matter of controversy. Better characterization of the health relevant particle fraction will have major implications for air quality policy since it will determine which sources should be controlled. The RUPIOH study, an EU-funded multicentre study, was designed to examine the distribution of various ambient particle metrics in four European cities (Amsterdam, Athens, Birmingham, Helsinki) and assess their health effects in participants with asthma or COPD, based on a detailed exposure assessment. In this paper the association of central site measurements with respiratory symptoms and restriction of activities is examined. Methods: At each centre a panel of participants with either asthma or COPD recorded respiratory symptoms and restriction of activities in a diary for six months. Exposure assessm