pharmacogenetics of anti-diabetes drugs遗传药理学的糖尿病药物.pdfVIP

Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3, 2610-2646; doi:10.3390/ph3082610 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Pharmacogenetics of Anti-Diabetes Drugs Johanna K. DiStefano 1,* and Richard M. Watanabe 2 1 Metabolic Diseases Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA 2 Departments of Preventive Medicine and Physiology Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; E-Mail: rwatanab@ (R.M.W.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jdistefano@; Tel.: +1-602-343-8812; Fax: +1-602-343-8844. Received: 14 July 2010; in revised form: 9 August 2010 / Accepted: 10 August 2010 / Published: 13 August 2010 Abstract: A variety of treatment modalities exist for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). In addition to dietary and physical activity interventions, T2D is also treated pharmacologically with nine major classes of approved drugs. These medications include insulin and its analogues, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, incretin hormone mimetics, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors. Pharmacological treatment strategies for T2D are typically based on efficacy, yet favorable responses to such therapeutics are oftentimes variable and difficult to predict. Characterization of drug response is expected to