有机化学知识点归纳(二)（Knowledge induction of Organic Chemistry (two)）.docVIP

有机化学知识点归纳(二)（Knowledge induction of Organic Chemistry (two)） Knowledge induction of Organic Chemistry (two) First, the structure and properties of organic compounds 1 Definitions of functional groups: atoms, clusters, or chemical bonds that determine the chemical properties of organic compounds. 2. The functional groups, structural characteristics and main chemical properties of common organic compounds (1) alkane (A) functional group: No; general formula: CnH2n+2; representation: CH4 B) structural features: the bond angle is 109 degrees 28 , and the space is tetrahedral molecule. So are the four valence bonds of each C atom in the alkane molecule. C) chemical properties: Substitution reaction (with halogen elements, under illumination) ,, Combustion Pyrolysis (2) olefins: A); functional groups: Formula: CnH2n (n = 2); representative: H2C=CH2 B) structural features: the key angle is 120 degrees. The carbon atom of a double bond is coplanar with the four atoms it connects. C) chemical properties: Addition reaction (with X2, H2, HX, H2O, etc.) Dimerization reaction (with itself, other olefins) Combustion (3) alkynes: A) functional groups: -C = C-; formula: CnH2n-2 (n = 2); representative: HC = CH B) structural features: the bond angle between carbon carbon three bond and single bond is 180 degrees. The two carbon atoms are in the same line as the two atoms they are connected to. (C) chemical properties: (omitted) (4) homologues of benzene and benzene: A) formula: CnH2n-6 (n = 6); representative: B) structural features: the bond angle of benzene molecule is 120 degrees, the plane regular hexagon structure, 6 C atoms and 6 H atoms coplanar. C) chemical properties: The substitution reaction (HNO3, H2SO4, and bromine) Addition reaction (with H2, Cl2, etc.) (5) alcohols: A) functional group: -OH (alcohol hydroxy group); representative: CH3CH2OH, HOCH2CH2OH B) features: hydroxyl substituted hydrocarbon molecules (or alicyclic molecules, phenyl side chain) product obtained b